Hydraulic turbines and penstocks often operate under high pressure at steady-state. Rapid changes such as electrical load rejection, load acceptance or other emergency operations can result in very high transient pressures that can damage the penstock or equipment.
Using HAMMER, designers can verify whether the conduits and flow control equipment are likely to withstand transient pressures that may occur during routine operation, or during an emergency.
More specifically, HAMMER can model four different operational cases: instantaneous load rejection, load rejection, load acceptance and load variation.